Evaluation of genetic defects of PGD embryos in Iran

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Evaluation of fetal genetic defects before Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

 

PGD ​​is a branch of assisted reproductive technologies that is always associated with IVF. In other words, PGD is the use of genetic tests to determine the presence, absence, or change in a particular gene or chromosome before the fetus is placed in the womb. In this method, with special techniques, the embryo is biopsied under a microscope. During a biopsy, one or two cells are isolated from an embryo that has more than eight cells (from the third day of fertilization onwards) and genetic tests are performed on them.

Depending on the type of disease, PGD genetic tests can be divided into three categories; Divided monogenic defects, sexual abnormalities and chromosomal diseases.

 

Investigation of chromosomal abnormalities: with the help of PGD

In the PGD method, chromosomal abnormalities are examined. Thus, using a technique called FISH, chromosomal abnormalities can be examined in terms of chromosome number and structure. This is important in that 60% of miscarriages and abortions are due to changes in chromosome number. Many couples with these abnormalities may never be able to have a healthy baby without PDG. Today, with the advancement of genetic science, more than 90% of chromosomal abnormalities can be identified. For example, by examining the sex chromosomes X and Y, the sex of the fetus is determined, which is very important in sexually transmitted diseases such as hemophilia, and thus the transfer and birth of male fetuses that have a higher risk of developing this disease can be prevented.

 

Evaluation of fetal sex-related diseases with the help of PGD

Sex-dependent diseases (X chromosome dependent) are diseases in which the gene responsible for the disease is located on the X chromosome and can be dependent on the recessive or dominant X.

Among the recessive X-linked diseases, we can mention hemophilia, Duchenne and virgin diseases, in which if the mother is a carrier, there is a 50% chance that the male fetus will be infected in each pregnancy. It should be noted that in sexually transmitted diseases, carrier girls are mostly asymptomatic.

 

Who is PGD recommended for?

Given that the PGD method can be used to detect genetic diseases of the fetus before transfer to the mother's uterus, this method is the only method of preventing the birth of children with genetic diseases, performing PGD at the discretion of a physician and genetic counseling, some couples are recommended with the following conditions:

 

Women over 35 who are planning to become pregnant.

Couples in which at least one of the parties, according to family studies, carries or inherits a genetic disease.

Women have a history of recurrent miscarriages.

People who have had multiple IVFs and have not become pregnant, or who are infertile due to the male factor and are candidates for the ICSI (microinjection) method.

Couples who have a child with a genetic disease.

Steps to perform PGD

The first step in performing PGD is in vitro embryo IVF / ICSI. The resulting embryo is cultured in the laboratory to reach a stage of 6 to 10 cells. One or two cells are then isolated by cell biopsy for genetic testing.

 

Fetuses that do not have genetic or chromosomal defects are then selected for transfer to the uterus to grow during pregnancy and become a complete and healthy fetus.

 

In some cases, further examinations are performed during pregnancy by sampling chorionic fluid around the fetus (CVS) and amniocentesis to confirm the results (PGD) and fetal health.

 

Iran has very reasonable costs for genetic defects of PGD embryos and by traveling to Iran for treatment under the supervision of the best geneticist and in the best specialized hospitals for genetics and infertility, you will be treated at the best cost.

 

COST ($)	COUNTRY
8,000-13,000	The cost of testing for genetic defects in the fetus in the United States
1800-2200	The cost of testing for genetic defects in the fetus in Turkey
9,000-16,000	Fetal genetic testing costs in the UK
3,000-4,000	The cost of testing for genetic defects in the fetus in India
900-1200	The cost of examining genetic defects of the fetus in Iran

 

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